Re-Defining “HREE-Free”: China’s Expanding Export Controls and Their Impact on the Magnet Industry
Background: The First Wave of Controls In April 2025, MOFCOM and the General Administration of Customs issued Announcement No. 18, placing export-license requirements on seven medium- and heavy-rare-earth elements: Samarium, Gadolinium, Terbium, Dysprosium, Lutetium, Scandium, and Yttrium, along with alloys, oxides, and magnets that contain them. While this was not a full export ban, the…